The aim of the re­se­arch is to pre­sent the aut­hors’ re­ha­bi­li­ta­ti­on and de­ve­lop­ment con­cept of iden­tity of the de­fen­dant. Mo­dern pe­nal system inste­ad of re­so­ci­ali­za­ti­on ini­ti­ates per­son de­so­ci­ali­za­ti­on, i.e. iso­la­ti­on of the pe­op­le who ha­ve of­fen­ded aga­inst the law, do­es not pro­mo­te the­ir re­ha­bi­li­ta­ti­on and re-edu­ca­ti­on. Due to ex­ter­nal mac­ro-iso­la­ti­on the de­fen­dant at all de­si­re can not be iso­la­ted from cri­mi­no­ge­nic mic­ro-so­ci­ety of the cus­to­di­al insti­tu­ti­on, whe­re he/she ser­ves the sen­ten­ce. Long stay in such po­si­ti­on of­ten le­ads to destruc­ti­on of the per­son’s stan­dard-val­uab­le sphe­re and re­ci­di­vism of aso­ci­al be­ha­vi­our. Pro­vi­ding de­fen­dants with pos­si­bi­lity of dis­tant vo­ca­ti­onal tra­ining in a hig­her edu­ca­ti­onal insti­tu­ti­on as one of the pos­sib­le va­ri­ants of po­si­ti­ve so­ci­ali­za­ti­on in extre­me con­di­ti­ons of the restra­int is gi­ven by the aut­hors of this pa­per.

Met­hods. Lon­gi­tu­di­nal met­hod has be­en used du­ring the long ex­pe­ri­ment on de­fen­dants’ so­ci­ali­za­ti­on pro­vi­ding them with hig­her edu­ca­ti­on. Qu­an­ti­ta­ti­ve me­asu­res ha­ve be­en car­ri­ed out on the ba­sis of mo­ni­to­ring and the sta­tis­tic da­ta of com­pa­ra­ti­ve analysis of its stan­dard-val­uab­le cha­rac­te­ris­tics of the tra­inab­le and non-tra­inab­le de­fen­dants. Ex­pert es­ti­ma­ti­ons of cor­rec­ti­onal of­fi­cers and te­ac­hers or tu­tors of the hig­her scho­ol (the Mo­dern Uni­ver­sity for the Hu­ma­ni­ti­es) and in-depth in­ter­vi­ews with for­mer de­fen­dants en­ded high scho­ol ha­ve be­en used too.

Re­sults and sci­en­ti­fic no­velty. The phe­no­me­non es­sen­ce of pe­nal iso­la­ti­on is fo­und out. The ex­ter­nal and in­ter­nal fac­tors de­fi­ning the pro­cess of de­fen­dants’ so­ci­ali­za­ti­on/de­so­ci­ali­za­ti­on in cor­rec­ti­onal insti­tu­ti­on are men­ti­oned. Re­li­gi­on and pe­nal edu­ca­ti­on are highlighted as the most ef­fec­ti­ve and po­si­ti­ve fac­tors. The prin­cip­les of per­son’s re­ha­bi­li­ta­ti­on on the ba­sis of get­ting hig­her edu­ca­ti­on by de­fen­dants are for­mu­la­ted: the extre­mity prin­cip­le, the congru­en­ce prin­ci­pal, the ba­lan­ce prin­cip­le bet­we­en the per­so­nal iso­la­ti­on and so­ci­al com­mu­ni­ca­ti­on. The com­pen­sa­tory mec­ha­nism of so­ci­al-psycho­lo­gi­cal de­fen­dant’s ali­ena­ti­on and the in­no­va­ti­ve mec­ha­nism of pro­cess ma­na­ge­ment of the­ir po­si­ti­ve so­ci­ali­za­ti­on are descri­bed. The aut­hors of the re­se­arch pre­sent the re­sults of the­ir own prog­ram re­ali­za­ti­on for the pri­so­ner’s so­ci­ali­za­ti­on that has suc­cessfully pas­sed appro­ba­ti­on in 33 cor­rec­ti­onal insti­tu­ti­ons of the Sa­ma­ra re­gi­on.

Prac­ti­cal sig­ni­fi­can­ce. The aut­hors of the pre­sent study ho­pe that the­ir ex­pe­ri­en­ce on over­co­ming of so­ci­ally-psycho­lo­gi­cal bar­ri­ers of de­fen­dants’ so­ci­ali­za­ti­on, cor­rec­ti­ons of the­ir be­ha­vi­our, pre­ven­ti­ve ma­in­te­nan­ce of cri­mi­nal displays re­ci­di­vism will re­ce­ive mo­re a wi­despre­ad oc­cur­ren­ce and will al­low the per­sons ser­ving the sen­ten­ce to ga­in an op­por­tu­nity of a worthy li­fe in the so­ci­ety.

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